# Security Hardening Guide

This guide documents the environment variables, sandboxing mechanisms, and hook
modes available in `llm-security`, and how to align them with the capabilities of
Opus 4.7 and Claude Code 2.1.112.

The guide is opinionated: it describes the configurations the plugin authors run
in production. Deviations are fine, but the defaults here are the tested path.

---

## 1. Environment variables

### 1.1 Harness-level (Claude Code)

| Variable | Values | Effect |
|----------|--------|--------|
| `CLAUDE_CODE_EFFORT_LEVEL` | `low` \| `medium` \| `high` \| `xhigh` | Tunes how aggressively the model spends compute per turn. `xhigh` is recommended for security-sensitive planning and audits. |
| `ENABLE_PROMPT_CACHING_1H` | `1` \| unset | Enables 1-hour prompt cache TTL. Reduces cost and latency for repeated context; cache hits do not weaken scanning. |
| `CLAUDE_CODE_SCRIPT_CAPS` | JSON blob | Declares maximum capabilities Claude Code can grant scripts it spawns. Use to lock down hook and command execution. |

### 1.2 Plugin-specific hook modes

| Variable | Default | Modes |
|----------|---------|-------|
| `LLM_SECURITY_INJECTION_MODE` | `block` | `block` — exit 2 on critical/high injection patterns. `warn` — advisory via systemMessage. `off` — disables scan. |
| `LLM_SECURITY_TRIFECTA_MODE` | `warn` | `block` — exit 2 when lethal trifecta (untrusted input + sensitive data + exfiltration sink) detected. `warn` — advisory. `off` — disables. |
| `LLM_SECURITY_PRECOMPACT_MODE` | `warn` | `block` — exit 2 on findings during PreCompact. `warn` — advisory via systemMessage. `off` — disables scan. |
| `LLM_SECURITY_PRECOMPACT_MAX_BYTES` | `512000` | Tail size in bytes read from transcript for scanning. Higher values increase coverage at the cost of latency. |
| `LLM_SECURITY_UPDATE_CHECK` | `on` | `off` disables the daily update-check HTTP call. |
| `LLM_SECURITY_AUDIT_*` | unset | Audit trail configuration (destination, format, etc.) for SIEM-ready JSONL output. |

Apply env vars via shell profile, `.envrc`, or the host MDM. Do not write them
into the repository.

---

## 2. Sandboxing

### 2.1 macOS — `sandbox-exec`

`scanners/lib/git-clone.mjs` wraps remote clones in a `sandbox-exec` profile that
restricts file writes to the specific temp directory. This defends against
malicious `.gitattributes` filter/smudge drivers. The plugin uses this path by
default on Darwin.

### 2.2 Linux — `bubblewrap` (bwrap)

On Linux, the same flow uses `bwrap` to accomplish equivalent isolation. Works on
Fedora and Arch without configuration. Ubuntu 24.04+ may require a permissive
AppArmor profile (administrator privileges); fallback is git-config flags only,
with a WARN logged in the clone audit trail.

### 2.3 Windows

Windows has no equivalent OS sandbox available in default installs. The plugin
falls back to hardened git-config flags (`core.hooksPath=/dev/null`,
`core.symlinks=false`, disabled LFS drivers, `protocol.file.allow=never`,
`transfer.fsckObjects=true`) and environment isolation
(`GIT_CONFIG_NOSYSTEM=1`, `GIT_CONFIG_GLOBAL=/dev/null`, `GIT_ATTR_NOSYSTEM=1`).
A WARN is logged so the caller can weigh the residual risk.

### 2.4 PID-namespace considerations

On Linux hosts with user namespaces disabled (some hardened kernels), `bwrap`
may fail to create the PID namespace. Prefer running scans from a normal user
shell; avoid root, which disables user-namespace confinement.

---

## 3. Hook modes in practice

### 3.1 Start in warn mode

Every new integration of `llm-security` should begin with all modes set to
`warn`. This yields advisories without breaking workflow, and lets the team
calibrate false-positive rates against their actual repositories.

### 3.2 Promote to block after baselining

After a baseline period (typically 1-2 weeks), flip each mode to `block` in this
order: `LLM_SECURITY_INJECTION_MODE`, `LLM_SECURITY_TRIFECTA_MODE`,
`LLM_SECURITY_PRECOMPACT_MODE`. The injection hook is first because false
positives there are the most visible; blocking comes last because the others
build confidence.

### 3.3 Off mode is a deliberate choice

Use `off` only when you explicitly need to disable a layer (e.g., during
performance profiling). Prefer `warn` in all other cases — the signal is still
recorded in the audit trail.

---

## 4. Bash normalization (T1-T6) as defense-in-depth

`scanners/lib/bash-normalize.mjs` collapses six known bash obfuscation
techniques before the denylist gate runs. These are **defense-in-depth** layers
that complement the Claude Code 2.1.98+ harness-level fixes, not a replacement.

| Layer | Technique | Example | Normalization |
|-------|-----------|---------|---------------|
| T1 | Empty quotes | `rm''-rf /` | strip `''` / `""` between tokens |
| T2 | `${}` expansion | `r${x}m -rf /` | drop `${VAR}` where VAR is unset in scan context |
| T3 | Backslash continuation | `rm\<newline>-rf /` | collapse backslash-newline pairs |
| T4 | Tab/whitespace splitting | `rm\t-rf /` | normalize whitespace to single space |
| T5 | `${IFS}` word-splitting | `rm${IFS}-rf${IFS}/` | replace `${IFS}` with space |
| T6 | ANSI-C hex quoting | `$'\x72\x6d' -rf /` | decode `$'\xHH'` to ASCII byte |

See `CLAUDE.md` §Defense Philosophy for the broader framing.

---

## 5. Alignment with Opus 4.7 (system card references)

### 5.1 Agent safety evaluations (§5.2.1)

The Opus 4.7 system card §5.2.1 documents agentic safety evaluations and notes
that multi-layer defenses outperform single-layer defenses against adaptive
attacks. `llm-security` implements this posture: prompt-scan + pathguard +
trifecta-guard + pre-compact-scan operate in depth. A single layer failing does
not compromise the defense.

### 5.2 Instruction following and hierarchy (§6.3.1.1)

The Opus 4.7 system card §6.3.1.1 describes tighter adherence to the declared
instruction hierarchy and more literal interpretation of agent instructions.
Consequently:

- Stacked imperatives (e.g., "NEVER do X / MUST NOT do X") are less useful than
  tool-level enforcement. Prefer `tools:` frontmatter to restrict capabilities
  at the platform level, so the agent simply does not have the unsafe tool.
- Agent instructions should mark speculation as speculation, and cite evidence
  (path, line number) rather than generalizing from one observation. See the
  "Step 0 Generaliseringsgrense" note added to `skill-scanner-agent.md` and
  `mcp-scanner-agent.md`.
- Parallel Read calls are preferred for independent file reads, documented in
  the same Step 0 notes. This reduces latency and aligns with the model's
  improved parallel-tool-use behavior.

### 5.3 Known limitations (system card §6.3)

Prompt injection is structurally unsolvable in the current architecture. The
system card acknowledges this; so does `CLAUDE.md` §Defense Philosophy. The
hardening described here reduces the attack surface and raises the cost of
attacks but does not eliminate them.

---

## 6. Recommended baseline for production

1. Set `CLAUDE_CODE_EFFORT_LEVEL=xhigh` for audit and planning sessions.
2. Set `ENABLE_PROMPT_CACHING_1H=1` globally — reduces cost, does not weaken
   scanning.
3. All three plugin hook modes: start at `warn`, promote to `block` after
   baselining.
4. Keep sandbox wrappers enabled (default on macOS / Linux).
5. Periodically run `/security posture` (13-category scorecard) and
   `/security dashboard` (cross-project view) to catch drift.

---

**Last updated:** 2026-04-17 for v6.2.0.
