765bc74f52
E2E verification against content-heavy repo (`content-claude-code`) revealed 413 entropy findings (8 HIGH / 405 MEDIUM) from markdown image CDN URLs in JSON content indexes — e.g., ``. These are legitimate content-repo artifacts, not credentials. The 40-char hash segment in the CDN URL trips Shannon entropy (H=5.29 over 300 chars), and rule 13 (inline <svg>) doesn't match since there's no literal `<svg>` tag — the `.svg` is just a URL path suffix. Added rule 18 `MARKDOWN_IMAGE = /!\[[^\]]*\]\(\s*https?:\/\//` — matches `` / ``. Line-level (not string-level) so URL is not over-specific. E2E impact on `content-claude-code`: - Before: BLOCK / 65 / 8H 437M 0L - After: WARNING / 56 / 3H 427M 0L Hyperframes unchanged: BLOCK / 80 / 1C 4H 92M — real CRITICAL SQL-injection and HIGH findings still detected. Tests: 2 new (positive + negative fixture) bringing entropy-context to 26, total suite 1485 → 1487. Docs updated to "rules 11-18" and "8 new line-suppression rules". Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 <noreply@anthropic.com>
535 lines
21 KiB
JavaScript
535 lines
21 KiB
JavaScript
// entropy-scanner.mjs — Detects encoded payloads via Shannon entropy analysis
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// Zero dependencies (Node.js builtins only via lib helpers).
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//
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// Rationale: Malicious skills and MCP servers often hide injected instructions,
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// exfiltration endpoints, or obfuscated scripts in high-entropy encoded blobs
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// (base64, hex, AES-encrypted payloads). This scanner flags those blobs for review.
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//
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// References:
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// - OWASP LLM01 (Prompt Injection via encoded payloads)
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// - OWASP LLM03 (Supply Chain — obfuscated dependencies)
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// - ToxicSkills research: evasion via base64-wrapped instructions
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import { existsSync } from 'node:fs';
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import { join } from 'node:path';
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import { readTextFile } from './lib/file-discovery.mjs';
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import { finding, scannerResult } from './lib/output.mjs';
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import { SEVERITY } from './lib/severity.mjs';
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import { shannonEntropy, extractStringLiterals, isBase64Like, isHexBlob, redact } from './lib/string-utils.mjs';
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import { loadPolicy } from './lib/policy-loader.mjs';
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// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// File-extension suppression (context-aware, v7.0.0+)
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// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
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* Extensions whose contents are almost always benign high-entropy noise:
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* GPU shaders, stylesheets, SVG markup. Scanning these produces massive
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* false-positive rates (observed 70% FP on hyperframes renderer codebase).
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*/
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const ENTROPY_SKIP_EXTENSIONS = new Set([
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'.glsl', '.frag', '.vert', '.shader', '.wgsl', // GPU shaders
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'.css', '.scss', '.sass', '.less', // stylesheets
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'.svg', // SVG markup
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]);
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/**
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* @param {{ relPath: string, ext: string }} fileInfo
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* @returns {boolean} true if the file should be skipped entirely
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*/
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function shouldSkipByExtension(fileInfo) {
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const lowerPath = (fileInfo.relPath || '').toLowerCase();
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if (lowerPath.endsWith('.min.js') || lowerPath.endsWith('.min.css')) return true;
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const ext = (fileInfo.ext || '').toLowerCase();
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if (ENTROPY_SKIP_EXTENSIONS.has(ext)) return true;
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if (USER_SUPPRESS_EXTENSIONS.has(ext)) return true;
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return false;
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}
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/**
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* @param {{ relPath: string }} fileInfo
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* @returns {boolean} true if the file's relative path matches any user-policy skip-path substring.
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*/
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function shouldSkipByPath(fileInfo) {
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if (USER_SUPPRESS_PATHS.length === 0) return false;
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const rel = fileInfo.relPath || '';
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for (const needle of USER_SUPPRESS_PATHS) {
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if (typeof needle === 'string' && needle.length > 0 && rel.includes(needle)) return true;
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}
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return false;
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}
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// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// Constants
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// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/** Entropy thresholds (bits/char). Empirically calibrated against real distributions:
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*
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* Plaintext prose: H ≈ 3.5–4.2 (len 20–50)
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* Structured code/JSON: H ≈ 3.9–4.4 (len 40–80)
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* SQL queries: H ≈ 4.2–4.5 (len 50–100)
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* Base64 len=40: H ≈ 4.4–5.2 (avg 4.8, p90 5.0)
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* Base64 len=64: H ≈ 4.9–5.4 (avg 5.2, p90 5.3)
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* Base64 len=80: H ≈ 5.0–5.6 (avg 5.3, p90 5.5)
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* Base64 len=128: H ≈ 5.4–5.8 (avg 5.6, p90 5.7)
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*
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* Key insight: base64 alphabet is only 65 chars → max theoretical H = log2(65) ≈ 6.02.
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* Random base64 of len 64 achieves H ≈ 5.2 on average. Thresholds must account for
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* the length-dependent entropy ceiling.
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*
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* Conservative design: prefer low false-negative rate (catch real payloads) at the cost
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* of some false positives that the analyst reviews. The false-positive suppression rules
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* above handle the most common benign cases.
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*/
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const DEFAULT_THRESHOLDS = {
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// Large random-looking blob: very likely encoded/encrypted payload
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CRITICAL: { entropy: 5.4, minLen: 128 },
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// Medium-sized high-entropy string: likely encoded secret or payload fragment
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HIGH: { entropy: 5.1, minLen: 64 },
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// Shorter elevated-entropy string: suspicious but may be dense data/config
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MEDIUM: { entropy: 4.7, minLen: 40 },
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};
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/**
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* Merge policy.entropy.thresholds over defaults. Policy keys are lowercase
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* (critical/high/medium) to match other policy sections; defaults use uppercase
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* internally.
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*
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* @param {object|undefined} policyThresholds
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* @returns {typeof DEFAULT_THRESHOLDS}
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*/
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function resolveThresholds(policyThresholds) {
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if (!policyThresholds) return DEFAULT_THRESHOLDS;
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return {
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CRITICAL: { ...DEFAULT_THRESHOLDS.CRITICAL, ...(policyThresholds.critical || {}) },
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HIGH: { ...DEFAULT_THRESHOLDS.HIGH, ...(policyThresholds.high || {}) },
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MEDIUM: { ...DEFAULT_THRESHOLDS.MEDIUM, ...(policyThresholds.medium || {}) },
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};
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}
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// Effective thresholds after policy-merge (set at scan() entry, read by classifyEntropy).
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let THRESHOLDS = DEFAULT_THRESHOLDS;
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/** User-extensible line-level regex patterns compiled from policy. Set per scan. */
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let USER_SUPPRESS_LINE_PATTERNS = [];
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/** User-extensible relative-path substrings to skip entirely. Set per scan. */
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let USER_SUPPRESS_PATHS = [];
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/** User-extensible extension suppress list (merged with built-in). Set per scan. */
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let USER_SUPPRESS_EXTENSIONS = new Set();
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/** Known hash/checksum filename patterns — false positive suppression. */
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const LOCK_FILE_PATTERN = /(?:package-lock\.json|yarn\.lock|pnpm-lock\.yaml|\.lock)$/i;
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/** Line-level keywords that suggest integrity hashes rather than encoded payloads. */
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const INTEGRITY_KEYWORDS = /\b(?:integrity|checksum|sha256|sha384|sha512|sha1|md5)\b/i;
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/** Integrity hash value prefixes (SRI format). */
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const SRI_PREFIX = /^(?:sha256-|sha384-|sha512-)/;
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/** Known base64 image/font data-URI prefixes. */
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const DATA_URI_PREFIXES = [
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'iVBORw0KGgo', // PNG
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'/9j/', // JPEG
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'R0lGOD', // GIF
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'PHN2Zy', // SVG
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'AAABAA', // ICO
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'T2dnUw', // OGG (audio)
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'AAAAFGZ0', // MP4
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'UklGR', // WebP/RIFF
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'd09G', // WOFF font
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'AAEAAAALAAI', // TTF font
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];
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/** UUID v4 pattern for false positive suppression. */
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const UUID_PATTERN = /^[0-9a-f]{8}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{4}-[0-9a-f]{12}$/i;
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/** Pure lowercase hex that could be a hash digest (not obfuscated code). */
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const HEX_HASH_PATTERN = /^[a-f0-9]{32,128}$/i;
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/** GLSL/WGSL shader keywords — suppress inline shader source (gl_Position, vec3, uniform, ...). */
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const GLSL_KEYWORDS = /\b(?:gl_(?:Position|FragColor|FragCoord|PointSize|PointCoord)|vec[234]|mat[234]|uniform|varying|attribute|precision\s+(?:high|medium|low)p|smoothstep|mix|clamp|texture2D|textureCube|sampler[123]D)\b/;
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/** CSS-in-JS patterns (styled-components, emotion, vanilla-extract, @keyframes). */
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const CSS_IN_JS_PATTERN = /\b(?:styled\.[a-z]+|css)\s*`|@(?:keyframes|media|supports)\s|:\s*(?:hover|focus|active|before|after|visited|root)\b/;
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/** Inline HTML/SVG markup in source (tags with attributes on the same line). */
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const INLINE_MARKUP = /<(?:svg|path|defs|g\s|rect\s|circle\s|polygon|polyline|ellipse|line\s|use\s|symbol\s|clipPath|linearGradient|radialGradient|div\s+[a-z-]+|span\s+[a-z-]+|style>|script>|template\s)/i;
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/** ffmpeg filter-graph syntax (stream selectors + filter chains). */
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const FFMPEG_SYNTAX = /\[\d+:[avs]\]|(?:scale|crop|concat|overlay|psnr|drawtext|setpts|atempo|filter_complex|format|pad|trim|setdar|setsar)\s*=/;
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/** Browser User-Agent strings (hardcoded in source — long but structured, not encoded). */
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const USER_AGENT_PATTERN = /Mozilla\/\d|AppleWebKit|Chrome\/\d+|Safari\/\d+|Firefox\/\d+|Edg\/\d+|OPR\/\d+/;
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/** SQL DDL/DML statements (long structured strings, not encoded payloads). */
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const SQL_STATEMENT = /^\s*(?:SELECT|INSERT|UPDATE|DELETE|CREATE|ALTER|WITH|DROP|TRUNCATE|GRANT|REVOKE)\s+/i;
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/** Error-message templates with embedded HTML/markup (throw new Error("<div>...</div>")). */
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const ERROR_TEMPLATE = /(?:throw\s+new\s+(?:Error|TypeError|RangeError|SyntaxError)|new\s+Error\s*\()\s*[`'"]/;
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/**
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* Markdown image syntax with external URL — ``.
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* Common in JSON data indexes / article metadata; CDN URL hash segments
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* produce high Shannon entropy but are not credentials.
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*/
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const MARKDOWN_IMAGE = /!\[[^\]]*\]\(\s*https?:\/\//;
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// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// False-positive suppression helpers
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// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
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* Decide whether a candidate string should be suppressed (likely a false positive).
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*
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* @param {string} str - The extracted string literal value
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* @param {string} line - The full source line it came from
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* @param {string} absPath - Absolute file path
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* @returns {boolean} - true if this string should be skipped
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*/
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function isFalsePositive(str, line, absPath) {
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// 1. URLs — entropy is misleading for long query strings / JWTs in URLs
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if (str.startsWith('http://') || str.startsWith('https://')) return true;
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// 2. File/system paths
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if (
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str.startsWith('/') ||
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str.startsWith('./') ||
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str.startsWith('../') ||
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/^[A-Za-z]:[/\\]/.test(str) // Windows drive letter, e.g. C:\
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) return true;
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// 3. Known hash formats in lock/checksum contexts
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if (HEX_HASH_PATTERN.test(str)) {
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if (
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LOCK_FILE_PATTERN.test(absPath) ||
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INTEGRITY_KEYWORDS.test(line)
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) return true;
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}
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// 4. Test/fixture files — intentionally contain example secrets, tokens, etc.
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if (/(?:test|spec|fixture|mock|__test__|__spec__)/i.test(absPath)) return true;
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// 5. UUID patterns
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if (UUID_PATTERN.test(str)) return true;
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// 6. CSS / SVG / font data URIs embedded in source
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if (/data:image\/|data:font\/|data:application\//i.test(line)) return true;
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// 7. Import / require paths — the string is a module specifier, not a payload
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if (
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/^\s*import\s/i.test(line) ||
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/\brequire\s*\(/i.test(line)
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) return true;
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// 8. SRI integrity hash values (sha256-..., sha384-..., sha512-...)
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if (SRI_PREFIX.test(str)) return true;
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// 9. Line-level integrity keyword context (catches SRI in HTML <link> / <script> tags)
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if (INTEGRITY_KEYWORDS.test(line)) return true;
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// 10. Base64 image data-URI content (raw prefix check, separate from the line check above)
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for (const prefix of DATA_URI_PREFIXES) {
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if (str.startsWith(prefix)) return true;
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}
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// 11. GLSL/WGSL shader keywords on the line — inline shader source
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if (GLSL_KEYWORDS.test(line)) return true;
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// 12. CSS-in-JS (styled-components, emotion, vanilla-extract)
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if (CSS_IN_JS_PATTERN.test(line)) return true;
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// 13. Inline HTML/SVG markup — React/Vue components, email templates
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if (INLINE_MARKUP.test(line)) return true;
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// 14. ffmpeg filter-graph syntax — long structured strings, not encoded
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if (FFMPEG_SYNTAX.test(line)) return true;
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// 15. Browser User-Agent strings — hardcoded but structured, not a payload
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if (USER_AGENT_PATTERN.test(line)) return true;
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// 16. SQL DDL/DML — long SELECT/INSERT/... lines
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if (SQL_STATEMENT.test(line)) return true;
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// 17. Error-message templates (throw new Error("<html>...</html>"))
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if (ERROR_TEMPLATE.test(line)) return true;
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// 18. Markdown image syntax with external URL — CDN hash noise in content repos
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if (MARKDOWN_IMAGE.test(line)) return true;
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// 19. User-policy regex patterns from .llm-security/policy.json
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for (const pattern of USER_SUPPRESS_LINE_PATTERNS) {
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if (pattern.test(line)) return true;
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}
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return false;
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}
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/**
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* Compile a list of regex sources (strings) into RegExp objects.
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* Invalid patterns are silently skipped (policy is best-effort).
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*
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* @param {string[]} sources
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* @returns {RegExp[]}
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*/
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function compilePatterns(sources) {
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if (!Array.isArray(sources)) return [];
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const compiled = [];
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for (const src of sources) {
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if (typeof src !== 'string' || src.length === 0) continue;
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try {
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compiled.push(new RegExp(src));
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} catch { /* malformed regex — skip */ }
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}
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return compiled;
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}
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// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// Severity classification
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// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
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* Derive severity from entropy and string length.
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* Returns null if below all thresholds.
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*
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* @param {number} H - Shannon entropy
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* @param {number} len - String length
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* @returns {string|null}
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*/
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function classifyEntropy(H, len) {
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if (H >= THRESHOLDS.CRITICAL.entropy && len >= THRESHOLDS.CRITICAL.minLen) {
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return SEVERITY.CRITICAL;
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}
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if (H >= THRESHOLDS.HIGH.entropy && len >= THRESHOLDS.HIGH.minLen) {
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return SEVERITY.HIGH;
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}
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if (H >= THRESHOLDS.MEDIUM.entropy && len >= THRESHOLDS.MEDIUM.minLen) {
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return SEVERITY.MEDIUM;
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}
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return null;
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}
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/**
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* Merge two severities, keeping the higher one.
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* @param {string|null} a
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* @param {string|null} b
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* @returns {string|null}
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*/
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function maxSeverity(a, b) {
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const order = [SEVERITY.CRITICAL, SEVERITY.HIGH, SEVERITY.MEDIUM, SEVERITY.LOW, SEVERITY.INFO];
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const rank = (s) => (s === null ? Infinity : order.indexOf(s));
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return rank(a) <= rank(b) ? a : b;
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}
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// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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// Per-file scanning
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// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
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/**
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* Scan a single file's content for high-entropy strings.
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*
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* @param {string} content - File text content
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* @param {string} absPath - Absolute file path (for suppression checks)
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* @param {string} relPath - Relative path (for finding output)
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* @returns {object[]} - Array of finding objects
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*/
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function scanFileContent(content, absPath, relPath) {
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const findings = [];
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const lines = content.split('\n');
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// De-duplicate: track (line, evidence) pairs to avoid reporting the same
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// string twice when it appears in both extractStringLiterals and assignment
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// value extraction.
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const seen = new Set();
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for (let lineIdx = 0; lineIdx < lines.length; lineIdx++) {
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const line = lines[lineIdx];
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const lineNo = lineIdx + 1;
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// Collect candidates: string literals from the standard extractor
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const literalCandidates = extractStringLiterals(line);
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// Additional extraction: assignment RHS values not caught by quote-matching
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// (e.g., lines like: const TOKEN = "AQIB3j0..." or yaml: key: AQIB3j0...)
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// We re-use the literal extractor which already handles these cases since it
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// scans the full line. No extra pass needed — extractStringLiterals is
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// comprehensive for quoted strings. Unquoted YAML values can appear here:
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const unquotedYamlMatch = line.match(/^\s*\w[\w.-]*\s*:\s*([A-Za-z0-9+/=]{20,})(?:\s*#.*)?$/);
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if (unquotedYamlMatch) {
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literalCandidates.push(unquotedYamlMatch[1]);
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}
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for (const str of literalCandidates) {
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if (!str || str.length < 10) continue;
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// False positive suppression
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if (isFalsePositive(str, line, absPath)) continue;
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const H = shannonEntropy(str);
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let severity = classifyEntropy(H, str.length);
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// Additional detection: base64-like blobs and hex blobs get at least MEDIUM
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// even if entropy alone didn't trigger (very structured encodings can have
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// slightly lower H than random but are still suspicious at length >100/64).
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if (severity === null) {
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if (isBase64Like(str) && str.length > 100) {
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severity = SEVERITY.MEDIUM;
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} else if (isHexBlob(str) && str.length > 64) {
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severity = SEVERITY.MEDIUM;
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}
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} else {
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// Structured encoding can upgrade or confirm severity
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if (isBase64Like(str) && str.length > 100) {
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severity = maxSeverity(severity, SEVERITY.MEDIUM);
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}
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if (isHexBlob(str) && str.length > 64) {
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severity = maxSeverity(severity, SEVERITY.MEDIUM);
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}
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}
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if (severity === null) continue;
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// De-duplicate
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const key = `${lineNo}:${str.slice(0, 16)}`;
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if (seen.has(key)) continue;
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seen.add(key);
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// Determine OWASP mapping:
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// - Very high entropy (>=5.5) with base64 → likely injection payload → LLM01
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// - Encoded hex deps / supply chain obfuscation → LLM03
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// - Default to LLM01 for encoded content that could carry instructions
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const isLikelyPayload = H >= THRESHOLDS.CRITICAL.entropy || isBase64Like(str);
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const owasp = isLikelyPayload ? 'LLM01' : 'LLM03';
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const evidencePreview = redact(str, 8, 4);
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const evidence = `H=${H.toFixed(2)}, len=${str.length}: ${evidencePreview}`;
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findings.push(
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finding({
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scanner: 'ENT',
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severity,
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title: `High-entropy string (H=${H.toFixed(2)}, len=${str.length})`,
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description:
|
||
`A string with unusually high Shannon entropy was detected. ` +
|
||
`High entropy (H>=${THRESHOLDS.MEDIUM.entropy}) in strings of this length ` +
|
||
`is characteristic of base64-encoded payloads, AES-encrypted blobs, ` +
|
||
`hardcoded secrets, or obfuscated instructions embedded in code or config.`,
|
||
file: relPath,
|
||
line: lineNo,
|
||
evidence,
|
||
owasp,
|
||
recommendation:
|
||
'Inspect this high-entropy string — it may contain an encoded payload, ' +
|
||
'hardcoded secret, or obfuscated code',
|
||
})
|
||
);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
return findings;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
// Public scanner entry point
|
||
// ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||
|
||
/**
|
||
* Scan a target path for high-entropy encoded strings.
|
||
*
|
||
* @param {string} targetPath - Absolute path to scan (file or directory root)
|
||
* @param {{ files: Array<{ absPath: string, relPath: string, ext: string, size: number }> }} discovery
|
||
* - Pre-computed file discovery result from the orchestrator
|
||
* @returns {Promise<object>} - Scanner result envelope
|
||
*/
|
||
export async function scan(targetPath, discovery) {
|
||
const startMs = Date.now();
|
||
const allFindings = [];
|
||
let filesScanned = 0;
|
||
|
||
// Load policy for this target and apply overrides to module-level state.
|
||
// Best-effort — on any error we fall back to built-in defaults. Provenance
|
||
// tracked via file-existence check, not by comparing merged values (defaults
|
||
// always include an entropy section so a value-based check would always
|
||
// report 'policy.json').
|
||
let policySource = 'defaults';
|
||
try {
|
||
if (existsSync(join(targetPath, '.llm-security', 'policy.json'))) {
|
||
policySource = 'policy.json';
|
||
}
|
||
const policy = loadPolicy(targetPath);
|
||
const ent = policy?.entropy || {};
|
||
THRESHOLDS = resolveThresholds(ent.thresholds);
|
||
USER_SUPPRESS_LINE_PATTERNS = compilePatterns(ent.suppress_line_patterns);
|
||
USER_SUPPRESS_PATHS = Array.isArray(ent.suppress_paths) ? ent.suppress_paths.slice() : [];
|
||
USER_SUPPRESS_EXTENSIONS = new Set(
|
||
(Array.isArray(ent.suppress_extensions) ? ent.suppress_extensions : [])
|
||
.filter((e) => typeof e === 'string')
|
||
.map((e) => e.toLowerCase()),
|
||
);
|
||
} catch {
|
||
THRESHOLDS = DEFAULT_THRESHOLDS;
|
||
USER_SUPPRESS_LINE_PATTERNS = [];
|
||
USER_SUPPRESS_PATHS = [];
|
||
USER_SUPPRESS_EXTENSIONS = new Set();
|
||
policySource = 'defaults';
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
let filesSkippedByExtension = 0;
|
||
let filesSkippedByPath = 0;
|
||
|
||
try {
|
||
for (const fileInfo of discovery.files) {
|
||
// Context-aware skip: GPU shaders, stylesheets, SVG, minified bundles.
|
||
// These file types produce ~70% false-positive rate on real codebases.
|
||
if (shouldSkipByExtension(fileInfo)) {
|
||
filesSkippedByExtension++;
|
||
continue;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
// User-policy path-substring skip (additive, for project-specific noise).
|
||
if (shouldSkipByPath(fileInfo)) {
|
||
filesSkippedByPath++;
|
||
continue;
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
const content = await readTextFile(fileInfo.absPath);
|
||
|
||
// readTextFile returns null for binary files or unreadable paths — skip silently
|
||
if (content === null) continue;
|
||
|
||
filesScanned++;
|
||
|
||
const fileFindings = scanFileContent(content, fileInfo.absPath, fileInfo.relPath);
|
||
allFindings.push(...fileFindings);
|
||
}
|
||
|
||
const durationMs = Date.now() - startMs;
|
||
const status = 'ok';
|
||
|
||
const result = scannerResult('entropy-scanner', status, allFindings, filesScanned, durationMs);
|
||
// Calibration stats for synthesizer — suppression & policy provenance.
|
||
result.calibration = {
|
||
files_skipped_by_extension: filesSkippedByExtension,
|
||
files_skipped_by_path: filesSkippedByPath,
|
||
skip_extensions: [...ENTROPY_SKIP_EXTENSIONS, '.min.js', '.min.css'],
|
||
policy_source: policySource,
|
||
thresholds: {
|
||
critical: { entropy: THRESHOLDS.CRITICAL.entropy, minLen: THRESHOLDS.CRITICAL.minLen },
|
||
high: { entropy: THRESHOLDS.HIGH.entropy, minLen: THRESHOLDS.HIGH.minLen },
|
||
medium: { entropy: THRESHOLDS.MEDIUM.entropy, minLen: THRESHOLDS.MEDIUM.minLen },
|
||
},
|
||
};
|
||
return result;
|
||
} catch (err) {
|
||
const durationMs = Date.now() - startMs;
|
||
return scannerResult(
|
||
'entropy-scanner',
|
||
'error',
|
||
allFindings,
|
||
filesScanned,
|
||
durationMs,
|
||
String(err?.message || err)
|
||
);
|
||
}
|
||
}
|