llm-security/scanners/lib/severity.mjs

// severity.mjs — Constants, risk score calculation, verdict logic
// Zero dependencies. Used by all scanners and the orchestrator.

export const SEVERITY = Object.freeze({
  CRITICAL: 'critical',
  HIGH: 'high',
  MEDIUM: 'medium',
  LOW: 'low',
  INFO: 'info',
});

/**
 * Calculate aggregate risk score from severity counts (v2 model — v7.0.0+).
 *
 * Severity-dominated, log-scaled within tier. Replaces the v1 sum-and-cap
 * formula which collapsed every non-trivial scan to 100/Extreme regardless
 * of actual risk distribution.
 *
 * Tiers:
 *   Critical present → 70-95 (1=80, 2=86, 4=93, 10=95)
 *   High only        → 40-65 (1=48, 5=60, 17=65)
 *   Medium only      → 15-35 (1=20, 5=28, 50=33)
 *   Low only         → 1-11  (1=4, 10=11)
 *   None             → 0
 *
 * Info severity (B3, v7.2.0):
 *   `info` counts are scoring-inert — accepted in the input shape but
 *   ignored by this formula. They contribute 0 to risk_score, do not
 *   affect verdict (BLOCK/WARNING/ALLOW), and do not affect riskBand
 *   (Low/Medium/High/Critical/Extreme). They ARE surfaced in
 *   `owaspCategorize` aggregates and in scanner report bodies for
 *   observability. Operators reading a report with N info findings
 *   should treat them as informational telemetry, not as input to
 *   the verdict.
 *
 * @param {{ critical: number, high: number, medium: number, low: number, info?: number }} counts
 *        `info` is accepted for shape completeness but ignored — see above.
 * @returns {number} 0-100 risk score
 */
export function riskScore(counts) {
  const critical = counts.critical || 0;
  const high = counts.high || 0;
  const medium = counts.medium || 0;
  const low = counts.low || 0;

  let base;
  if (critical > 0) base = 70 + Math.min(25, Math.log2(critical + 1) * 10);
  else if (high > 0) base = 40 + Math.min(25, Math.log2(high + 1) * 8);
  else if (medium > 0) base = 15 + Math.min(20, Math.log2(medium + 1) * 5);
  else if (low > 0) base = 1 + Math.min(10, Math.log2(low + 1) * 3);
  else base = 0;

  return Math.round(Math.min(100, base));
}

/**
 * Derive verdict from severity counts and risk score (v7.0.0 thresholds).
 * Aligned to v2 riskBand cutoffs so verdict and band are co-monotonic:
 *   BLOCK   if critical >= 1 OR score >= 65   (Critical/Extreme band)
 *   WARNING if high >= 1 OR score >= 15       (Medium/High band)
 *   ALLOW   otherwise                         (Low band)
 * @param {{ critical: number, high: number, medium: number, low: number, info: number }} counts
 * @returns {'BLOCK' | 'WARNING' | 'ALLOW'}
 */
export function verdict(counts) {
  const score = riskScore(counts);
  if ((counts.critical || 0) >= 1 || score >= 65) return 'BLOCK';
  if ((counts.high || 0) >= 1 || score >= 15) return 'WARNING';
  return 'ALLOW';
}

/**
 * Map a 0-100 risk score to a human-readable risk band.
 * Cutoffs aligned to v2 riskScore() tier structure (v7.0.0+):
 *   0-14   Low      (no findings, or low-tier only)
 *   15-39  Medium   (medium-tier dominant)
 *   40-64  High     (high-tier dominant)
 *   65-84  Critical (1 critical, or many high)
 *   85-100 Extreme  (multiple critical findings)
 *
 * @param {number} score - 0-100 risk score
 * @returns {'Low' | 'Medium' | 'High' | 'Critical' | 'Extreme'}
 */
export function riskBand(score) {
  if (score <= 14) return 'Low';
  if (score <= 39) return 'Medium';
  if (score <= 64) return 'High';
  if (score <= 84) return 'Critical';
  return 'Extreme';
}

/**
 * Calculate A-F grade from posture/audit pass rate.
 * @param {number} passRate - 0.0 to 1.0
 * @param {number} failsInCritCats - Number of FAIL results in critical categories (1, 2, 5)
 * @param {number} critCount - Number of Critical-severity findings
 * @returns {'A' | 'B' | 'C' | 'D' | 'F'}
 */
export function gradeFromPassRate(passRate, failsInCritCats = 0, critCount = 0) {
  if (passRate < 0.33 || critCount >= 3) return 'F';
  if (passRate >= 0.89 && failsInCritCats === 0 && critCount === 0) return 'A';
  if (passRate >= 0.72 && critCount === 0) return 'B';
  if (passRate >= 0.56) return 'C';
  if (passRate >= 0.33) return 'D';
  return 'F';
}

/**
 * Scanner prefix to OWASP LLM Top 10 category mapping.
 */
export const OWASP_MAP = Object.freeze({
  UNI: ['LLM01'],
  ENT: ['LLM01', 'LLM03'],
  PRM: ['LLM06'],
  DEP: ['LLM03'],
  TNT: ['LLM01', 'LLM02'],
  GIT: ['LLM03'],
  NET: ['LLM02', 'LLM03'],
  TFA: ['LLM01', 'LLM02', 'LLM06'],
  MCI: ['LLM01', 'LLM02'],
  MEM: ['LLM01'],
  SCR: ['LLM03'],
  PST: ['LLM01', 'LLM06'],
  WFL: ['LLM02', 'LLM06'],
  TRG: ['LLM06'],
  SIG: ['LLM03', 'LLM02'],
  AST: ['LLM01', 'LLM02'],
});

/**
 * Scanner prefix to OWASP Agentic AI Top 10 (ASI) category mapping.
 */
export const OWASP_AGENTIC_MAP = Object.freeze({
  UNI: ['ASI01'],
  ENT: ['ASI01', 'ASI04'],
  PRM: ['ASI02', 'ASI03'],
  DEP: ['ASI04'],
  TNT: ['ASI01', 'ASI05'],
  GIT: ['ASI04'],
  NET: ['ASI02', 'ASI05'],
  TFA: ['ASI01', 'ASI02', 'ASI05'],
  MCI: ['ASI01', 'ASI04'],
  MEM: ['ASI01', 'ASI02'],
  SCR: ['ASI04'],
  PST: ['ASI02', 'ASI03', 'ASI04', 'ASI05'],
  WFL: ['ASI04'],
  TRG: [],
  SIG: ['ASI04'],
  AST: [],
});

/**
 * Scanner prefix to OWASP Skills Top 10 (AST) category mapping.
 */
export const OWASP_SKILLS_MAP = Object.freeze({
  UNI: ['AST05'],
  ENT: ['AST02', 'AST05'],
  PRM: ['AST03'],
  DEP: ['AST06'],
  TNT: ['AST01', 'AST02'],
  GIT: ['AST06'],
  NET: ['AST02'],
  TFA: ['AST01', 'AST02', 'AST03'],
  MCI: ['AST01', 'AST02'],
  MEM: ['AST01', 'AST05'],
  SCR: ['AST06'],
  PST: ['AST01', 'AST03'],
  WFL: [],
  TRG: ['AST04'],
  SIG: [],
  AST: ['AST02'],
});

/**
 * Scanner prefix to OWASP MCP Top 10 category mapping.
 */
export const OWASP_MCP_MAP = Object.freeze({
  UNI: ['MCP06'],
  ENT: ['MCP01', 'MCP06'],
  PRM: ['MCP02', 'MCP07'],
  DEP: ['MCP04'],
  TNT: ['MCP05', 'MCP06'],
  GIT: ['MCP04'],
  NET: ['MCP02', 'MCP10'],
  TFA: ['MCP03', 'MCP06'],
  MCI: ['MCP03', 'MCP06', 'MCP09'],
  MEM: ['MCP05', 'MCP06'],
  SCR: ['MCP04'],
  PST: ['MCP02', 'MCP07'],
  WFL: [],
  TRG: [],
  SIG: [],
  AST: [],
});

/**
 * Regex matching all supported OWASP framework prefixes:
 * LLM01-LLM10, ASI01-ASI10, AST01-AST10, MCP01-MCP10 (MCP1-MCP10 also accepted).
 */
const OWASP_PREFIX_RE = /(?:LLM|ASI|AST|MCP)\d{1,2}/g;

/**
 * Group findings by OWASP category across all frameworks.
 * Uses each finding's `owasp` field if present, otherwise falls back to OWASP_MAP by scanner prefix.
 * Recognizes LLM, ASI, AST, and MCP prefixes.
 * @param {object[]} findings - Array of finding objects with scanner, owasp, and severity fields
 * @returns {Record<string, { count: number, critical: number, high: number, medium: number, low: number, info: number }>}
 */
export function owaspCategorize(findings) {
  const cats = {};
  for (const f of findings) {
    const categories = [];
    if (f.owasp) {
      const match = f.owasp.match(OWASP_PREFIX_RE);
      if (match) categories.push(...match);
    }
    if (categories.length === 0 && f.scanner && OWASP_MAP[f.scanner]) {
      categories.push(...OWASP_MAP[f.scanner]);
    }
    if (categories.length === 0) categories.push('Unmapped');

    for (const cat of categories) {
      if (!cats[cat]) cats[cat] = { count: 0, critical: 0, high: 0, medium: 0, low: 0, info: 0 };
      cats[cat].count++;
      if (f.severity && cats[cat][f.severity] !== undefined) {
        cats[cat][f.severity]++;
      }
    }
  }
  return cats;
}