fix(s7b): BudgetExceeded refuses instead of tracebacking, approaches land in exploration.json

Fiks-ordre 20260904T070930Z-8335015575-from-.claude. Two scoped defects the
S7b syretest observed and left unfixed (docs/2026-09-04-syretest-s7b-k2.md
§ 3.6):

1. `BudgetExceeded` (a RuntimeError, econ 56) could leave `--explore` as a
   raw Python traceback from TWO raise sites: the exploration loop's own
   round/token cap (`explore()`/`resume_exploration()`, uncaught in
   `main()`'s exploration `try`), and `generate_via_llm`'s retry loop when a
   mandate's own-proposal evaluation hits an unparseable reply (the full-run
   dispatch's `except` tuple only knew `ValueError`/`FileNotFoundError`/
   `ValidationError`). Both now end as `run refused: {exc}` on stderr, rc 1,
   same shape as every other loader refusal in run.py.

2. `{run_id}-exploration.json` carried rounds/tool_calls/plan_reviews/
   quick_validations but not the approaches the loop actually shaped — those
   stood only in the stdout mandate announcement. `explore.trace_payload`
   now takes a required `mandate` keyword and renders `mandate.approaches`
   under an "approaches" key, so an operator reading the artefact days later
   (the whole point of the async U12 door) can recover what the run decided
   to evaluate without the terminal.

Fifteen mutations across three detach points, all red against the full
suite: the exploration-loop except clause (2 red), the full-run except
tuple (1 red), and the approaches rendering (1 red) — plus a control per
fix proving the happy path is unaffected. Green control 1295 passed / 5
skipped (supersett of S7b's 1290/5, 0 removed), golden
demo-transcript.stdout byte-unchanged (shasum -a 1 = ea8c534…), ruff +
mypy clean.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 5 <noreply@anthropic.com>

tests/test_tool_call_path_loadbearing.py

@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ def test_the_artefact_carries_the_path_beside_the_name_and_the_base() -> None:
     trace = ex.ExplorationTrace()
     trace.tool_calls.append(ex.ToolCall(name="read_file", bundle_id="k2", path="prisskjema.md"))
 
-    payload = ex.trace_payload(trace, stop=None, completed=True)
+    payload = ex.trace_payload(trace, stop=None, completed=True, mandate=None)
 
     assert payload["tool_calls"] == [
         {"name": "read_file", "bundle_id": "k2", "path": "prisskjema.md"}